律师在私募股权基金中的主要工作
唐青林
这两年私募股权基金（PE）在我国非常火爆，吸引众多人才加入私募股权基金公司的行列。在国外，私募股权基金先后吸引了前美国总统乔治•布什、克林顿政府的白宫办公厅主任麦克拉提、前美国证券交易委员会(SEC)主席雅瑟•里维特、前国务卿贝克、前国防部长卡鲁奇等“总统班底”为重要团队成员，此外该基金还在海外先后聘请了英国前首相约翰•梅杰、菲律宾前总统拉莫斯、泰国前总理潘雅拉春作为顾问。国内的情形也差不多，私募基金吸引社会名流加盟。全球最大的私人股本基金KKR(Kohlberg Kravis Roberts)2006年底聘请前联想总裁柳传志、前中国网通CEO田溯宁为公司资深顾问。
私募股权基金具有充满挑战性的业务、全球范围的事业空间、大手笔的运作手法和非常高的薪资待遇，往往会对政界与商界的成功人士产生巨大吸引力。但是私募股权基金取得成功取决于：（1）拿到好的投资项目（社会名流将好的投资项目揽入基金之囊中具有很大的作用）；（2）具有一个一流的专业技术支撑团队，一个由精通私募股权基金运作的律师、财务、技术专业人士组成的基金经理团队。
律师则作为专业的法律人士，参加到私募股权基金的工作，其作用主要在于：（1）防范投资风险，保护投资者利益；（2）为私募股权基金的设立、运行提供标准化文本，促成各项交易顺利、规范地完成。
笔者近两年开始关注私募股权基金在中国的表现，并作为国内某大型私募股权基金公司风险控制部负责律师，参与了全程的工作。根据以往的经验，认为律师在私募股权基金中的主要工作如下（涉及的方方面面工作较多，本文仅仅选择部分工作内容略作总结）：
一、 设立私募股权基金阶段的法律工作
(一) 参与私募基金设立模式设计（公司、合伙企业等不同形式）；
(二) 起草设立私募基金的文本（公司章程、合伙协议等）；
(三) 进行私募基金的设立登记；
(四) 私募基金扩大规模（增资扩股、认股协议、入伙协议等）；
二、 私募股权基金投资运作过程中的法律工作
(五) 参与对投资之前的可行性分析（分析拟投资项目是否符合国家法律政策），出具法律意见书；
(六) 合作双方签署《保密协议》；
(七) 对决策拟投资的项目进行尽职调查，出具《尽职调查报告》；
(八) 根据拟投资项目情况，参与设计投资模式、推出模式，洽商与被投资方的《合作框架协议》；
(九) 根据不同的合作模式，分别起草并签署《增资扩股协议》或者《股权转让协议》；
(十) 重点起草私募股权基金最终退出目标企业的协议或者条款；
(十一) 起草办理股东变更的工商变更登记文件，正式变更或者增加目标公司股东；
(十二) 根据投资方的要求，参与目标公司治理结构设计（董事会、监事会），实现投资者的管理权（国外一般强调私募股权基金有管理权，国内则有时候不强调管理权，只是在约定的时间和价格退出）；
(十三) 私募股权基金退出时，作为专业人士参与并起草相应文本，并协助完成相应法律程序。（1）减资程序和文件；（2）IPO上市程序和文件；（3）股权回购程序和文本。
作者：唐青林，北京市安中律师事务所律师，中国人民大学法学硕士。
电话：010-68469328 13910169772 电邮：lawyer3721@163.com
SECURITIES (CLEARING HOUSES) ORDINANCE ——附加英文版
Hong Kong
SECURITIES (CLEARING HOUSES) ORDINANCE
(CHAPTER 420)
CONTENTS
ion
I PRELIMINARY
hort title
nterpretation
II DECLARATION OF CLEARING HOUSES FOR PURPOSES OF THIS
NANCE AND RULES OF CLEARING HOUSES
ecognized clearing houses
ules of recognized clearing houses, etc.
III MODIFICATIONS OF THE LAW OF INSOLVENCY TO SAFEGUARD
ATIONS AND PROCEDURES OF RECOGNIZED CLEARING HOUSES, ETC.
roceedings of recognized clearing house take precedence over law
of
lvency
upplementary provisions as to default proceedings
uty to report on completion of default proceedings
et sum payable on completion of default proceedings
isclaimer of property, rescission of contracts, etc.
Adjustment of prior transactions
Right of relevant office-holder to recover certain amounts
arising
certain transactions
Application of market collateral not affected by certain other
rests, etc.
Enforcement of judgments over property subject to market charge,
etc.
Law of insolvency in other jurisdictions
IV MISCELLANEOUS
Participant to be party to certain transactions as principal
Securities deposited with recognized clearing house
Immunity, etc.
Preservation of rights, etc.
Amendment of Schedules 1 and 2
(Omitted as spent)
Transitional
dule 1 Property which may be subject to a market charge or provided
as
et collateral
dule 2 Requirements for default rules of recognized clearing
houses
dule 3 (Omitted as spent)
Whole document:
rdinance to empower the Commission to declare clearing houses
to be
gnized clearing houses for the purposes of this Ordinance, to
provide
the approval by the Commission of the rules of recognized
clearing
es, to make provision for safeguarding the operations and
procedures
ecognized clearing houses, and to provide for matters
incidental
eto or connected therewith.
ctober 1992] L. N. 324 of 1992
PART I PRELIMINARY
hort title
This Ordinance may be cited as the Securities (Clearing
Houses)
nance.
(Omitted as spent)
nterpretation
In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
rge" means any form of security, including a mortgage;
aring house" means a person--
whose activities or objects include the provision of services for
the
ring and settlement of transactions in securities effected
on, or
ect to the rules of, the Unified Exchange; or
who guarantees the settlement of any such transactions;
mission" means the Securities and Futures Commission
established by
ion 3 of the Securities and Futures Commission Ordinance (Cap.
24);
stitution", in relation to a clearing house, means the memorandum
and
cles of association of the clearing house;
ault proceedings" means any proceedings or other action taken
by a
gnized clearing house under its default rules;
ault rules", in relation to a recognized clearing house, means
such of
rules of the clearing house which it is required to have by virtue
of
ion 4 (2);
aulter" means a participant who is the subject of any
default
eedings; "functions" includes duties and powers;
ket charge" means a charge, whether fixed or floating,
granted in
ur of a recognized clearing house--
over any property specified in Schedule 1 which is held
by or
sited with the clearing house; and
for the purpose of securing liabilities arising directly in
connection
the clearing house's ensuring the settlement of one or more
market
racts; "market collateral" means any property specified in
Schedule 1
h is held by or deposited with a recognized clearing house for
the
ose of securing liabilities arising directly in connection
with the
ring house's ensuring the settlement of one or more market
contracts;
ket contract" means a contract subject to the rules of a
recognized
ring house entered into by the clearing house with a
participant
uant to a novation which is both in accordance with those rules
and
the purposes of the clearing and settlement of
transactions in
rities effected on, or subject to the rules of, the Unified
Exchange;
icer" means an officer within the meaning of section 2
of the
anies Ordinance (Cap. 32);
ticipant" means a person who, in accordance with the rules
of a
gnized clearing house, may participate in one or more of the
services
ided by the clearing house in its capacity as a clearing house;
formance", in relation to a function, includes discharge and
exercise;
ognized clearing house" means a clearing house declared under
section
) to be a recognized clearing house for the purposes
of this
nance;
evant office-holder" means--
the Official Receiver appointed under section 75 of the
Bankruptcy
nance (Cap. 6);
any person acting in relation to a company as its
liquidator,
isional liquidator, receiver or manager;
any person acting in relation to an individual as his
trustee in
ruptcy or interim receiver of his property; or
any person appointed pursuant to an order for the
administration in
ruptcy of an insolvent estate of a deceased person;
es", in relation to a clearing house--
means the constitution, rules, regulations or directions, by
whatever
called, governing the membership, management,
operations and
edures of the clearing house; and
without restricting the generality of paragraph (a), includes
rules,
lations or directions relating to--
the provision of clearing and settlement services, and the
suspension
ithdrawal of such services;
the provision of services other than the services referred
to in
aragraph (i);
) the persons who may participate in one or more of the
services
rred to in subparagraphs (i) and (ii); and
setting and levying fees and charges;
urities" means securities within the meaning of section 2
of the
rities Ordinance (Cap. 333);
tlement", in relation to a market contract, includes
partial
lement; "Unified Exchange" means the Unified Exchange
established
r section 27 of the Stock Exchanges Unification Ordinance (Cap.
361).
Where--
a charge is granted partly for the purpose specified in the
definition
market charge" and partly for other purposes, the charge is in
this
nance a market charge in so far as it has effect for that
specified
ose;
collateral is provided partly for the purpose specified
in the
nition of "market collateral" and partly for other
purposes, the
ateral is in this Ordinance market collateral in so far as it has
been
ided for that specified purpose.
References in this Ordinance to the law of insolvency
include
rences to every provision made by or under--
the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6);
the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32); and
any other enactment which is concerned with or in any way related
to
insolvency of a person.
References in this Ordinance to settlement in relation to a
market
ract are to the discharge of the rights and liabilities of the
parties
he contract, whether by performance, compromise or otherwise.
PART II DECLARATION OF CLEARING HOUSES FOR PURPOSES OF THIS ORDI-
NANCE AND RULES OF CLEARING HOUSES
ecognized clearing houses
Where the Commission is satisfied that it is appropriate to do
so in
interest of the investing public or in the public interest, or
for the
er regulation of services for the clearing and
settlement of
sactions in securities, it may, with the consent in writing
of the
ncial Secretary, by notice in the Gazette, declare a clearing
house to
recognized clearing house for the purposes of this Ordinance.
Where the Commission makes a declaration under subsection
(1) in
ect of a clearing house--
it shall give notice thereof in writing to the clearing house;
and
the rules of the clearing house in operation immediately
before the
aration shall continue to have effect unless otherwise
specified, or
l such time as is specified, in the notice referred to in paragraph
ules of recognized clearing houses, etc.
Subject to section 3 (2) (b) and subsection (4), no rules
of a
gnized clearing house (including any default rules of the
clearing
e) or any amendment thereto shall have effect unless
approved in
ing by the Commission.
A recognized clearing house shall have rules which provide
for the
ng of proceedings or other action in the event of a
participant
aring to be unable, or likely to become unable, to
meet his
gations in respect of all unsettled market contracts to which he
is a
y, and such rules shall comply with the requirements of Schedule
2.
Where a recognized clearing house takes any default proceedings,
all
equent proceedings or other action taken under its rules
for the
oses of the settlement of market contracts of which the
defaulter
erned is a party shall be treated as done under the default rules
of
clearing house notwithstanding that, but for this subsection,
such
equent proceedings or other action would not be treated as done
under
default rules of the clearing house.
The Commission may, by notice in the Gazette, declare any
class of
s of a recognized clearing house (except any default rules
of the
ring house) to be a class of rules which are not required
to be
oved under subsection (1) and, accordingly, any rules of that
clearing
e which belong to that class (including any amendment thereto)
shall
effect notwithstanding that they have not been so approved.
Without prejudice to the operation of subsection (4), a
recognized
ring house shall submit or cause to be submitted to the
Commission,
the information of the Commission, any of its rules
(including any
dment thereto )--
which belong to a class of rules the subject of a declaration
under
ection (4); and
as soon as practicable after those rules (or amendment thereto,
as the
may be) are made.
A recognized clearing house shall submit or cause to be
submitted to
Commission for its approval the rules of the clearing house and
every
dment thereto except any rules (including any amendment thereto)
which
ng to a class of rules the subject of a declaration under
subsection
Subject to subsections (8) and (9), the Commission shall,
within 6
s after the receipt of any submission under subsection (6)
from a
gnized clearing house, give notice in writing to the clearing
house
its approval of; or
its refusal to approve,
rules or amendment of the rules, as the case may be, or any
part
eof, the subject of the submission.
The Commission may, in a particular case, with the agreement of
the
gnized clearing house concerned, extend the time
prescribed in
ection (7).
The Financial Secretary may, on the advice of the
Commission and
er generally or in a particular case, extend the time
prescribed in
ection (7).
The Commission may request in writing a recognized clearing
house--
to make rules--
specified in the request; and
within the period specified in the request; or
to amend rules--
referred to in the request;
in the manner specified in the request; and
) within the period specified in the request.
Where the Commission is satisfied that a recognized clearing
house
not complied with a request referred to in subsection (10) within
the
od specified in the request, the Commission may direct in writing
the
ring house to comply with the request within such further period
as is
ified in the direction and, accordingly, the clearing house
shall
ly with that request within that further period.
For the purposes of subsection (10), "rules", in relation
to a
gnized clearing house, do not include the constitution of the
clearing
e.
PART III MODIFICATIONS OF THE LAW OF INSOLVENCY TO SAFEGUARD OPE-
RATIONS AND PROCEDURES OF RECOGNIZED CLEARING HOUSES, ETC.
roceedings of recognized clearing house take precedence over
law of
lvency
None of the following shall be regarded as to any extent
invalid at
on the ground of inconsistency with the law relating
to the
ribution of the assets of a person on insolvency,
bankruptcy or
ing-up, or on the appointment of a receiver over any of the assets
of
rson--
a market contract;
the rules of a recognized clearing house relating to the
settlement of
rket contract;
any proceedings or other action taken under the rules of a
recognized
ring house relating to the settlement of a market contract;
a market charge;
the default rules of a recognized clearing house; or
any default proceedings.
Subject to subsection (3), the powers of a relevant office-
holder in
capacity as such, and the powers of a court under the
law of
lvency, shall not be exercised in such a way as to
prevent or
rfere with--
the settlement in accordance with the rules of a recognized
clearing
e of a market contract; or
any default proceedings.
Subsection (2) shall not operate to prevent a relevant
office-holder
seeking to recover any amount under section 11 after the
completion
matter referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of that subsection.
upplementary provisions as to default proceedings
A court may on an application by a relevant office-holder make
such
r as it thinks fit altering or releasing him from compliance with
such
he functions of his office as are affected by the fact that
default
eedings are pending or could be taken, or have been or could have
been
n and, accordingly, such functions of the relevant officeholder
shall
onstrued subject to such order.
Nothing in--
section 12, 14 or 20 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6); or
section 166, 181, 183, 186 or 254 of the Companies Ordinance
(Cap.
shall prevent or interfere with any default proceedings.
uty to report on completion of default proceedings
A recognized clearing house shall, upon the completion by it of
any
ult proceedings, make a report on such proceedings stating in
respect
ach defaulter--
the net sum, if any, certified by the clearing house to be payable
by
o the defaulter; or
the fact that no sum is so payable,
he case may be, and the clearing house may include in that report
such
r particulars in respect of such proceedings as it thinks fit.
A recognized clearing house which has made a report
pursuant to
ection (1) shall supply the report to--
the Commission;
any relevant office-holder acting in relation to--
the defaulter to whom the report relates; or
that defaulter's estate;
if there is no relevant office-holder referred to in paragraph
(b),
defaulter to whom the report relates.
Where the Commission receives pursuant to subsection (2) a report
made
uant to subsection (1), it may publish notice of that fact in
such
er as it thinks appropriate to bring it to the attention of
creditors
he defaulter to whom the report relates.
Where a relevant office-holder or defaulter receives
pursuant to
ection (2) a report made pursuant to subsection (1), he shall,
at the
est of a creditor of the defaulter to whom the report relates--
make the report available for inspection by the creditor;
on payment of such reasonable fee as the relevant office-
holder or
ulter, as the case may be, determines, supply to the creditor all
or
part of that report.
In subsections (2), (3) and (4), "report" includes a copy of a
report.
et sum payable on completion of default proceedings
The provisions of this section shall apply with respect to any
net sum
ified under section 7 (1) (a) by a recognized clearing house, upon
the
letion by it of any default proceedings, to be payable by or
to a
ulter.
Where a receiving or winding-up order has been made, or a
resolution
voluntary winding-up has been passed, any net sum
shall,
ithstanding any of the provisions of section 34 or 35
of the
ruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6) or section 264 of the Companies
Ordinance
. 32), be--
provable in the bankruptcy or winding-up or, as the case
may be,
ble to the relevant office-holder; and
taken into account, where appropriate, under section 35
of the
ruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6) or that section as applied in the case
of a
ing-up order under the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32).
isclaimer of property, rescission of contracts, etc.
Neither section 59 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6) nor
section
of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) shall apply in relation to--
a market contract;
a contract effected by a recognized clearing house for the purpose
of
izing property provided as market collateral;
a market charge; or
any default proceedings.
Neither section 42 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6) nor
section
of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) shall apply in relation to
any
matter or thing which has been done pursuant to--
a market contract;
a disposition of property pursuant to a market contract;
the provision of market collateral;
a contract effected by a recognized clearing house for the purpose
of
izing property provided as market collateral, or any
disposition of
erty pursuant to such a contract;
a disposition of property in accordance with the rules of a
recognized
ring house as to the application of property provided as
market
ateral;
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